A tear in the anterior cruciate ligament, commonly caused by sudden stops or twists, leading to knee instability and pain.

A tear in the medial collateral ligament on the inner side of the knee, often from a blow or sudden movement, causing pain and instability.

Injury to the posterior cruciate ligament, often from a direct blow to the knee, resulting in swelling and difficulty walking.

Inflammation of the synovial membrane in the knee joint, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It can result from injury, overuse, or underlying conditions like arthritis.

Damage to the cartilage that cushions the knee joint, typically caused by twisting or heavy lifting, leading to pain and swelling.

Degeneration of the knee joint cartilage, resulting in chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.